Notes

General

Orwell’s ‘domestic’ diaries begin on 9th August 1938/2008; his ‘political’ diaries (which are further categorised as ‘Morocco’, ‘Pre-war’ and ‘Wartime’) begin on 7th September 1938/2008.

The diaries are exactly as Orwell wrote them. Where there are original spelling errors, they are indicated by a ° following the offending word.

We are extremely grateful to Peter Davison, whose footnotes (from the Complete Works) are used with his permission. Where the Orwell Prize has attached additional footnotes, they are clearly indicated. 

Technical

The Orwell Prize has also added links to external websites (for whose content we accept no responsibility), links to a Google Map charting Orwell’s progress, and links to original material from the Orwell Archive.

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Rights

We are also very grateful to Bill Hamilton and A. M. Heath, who hold the rights to Orwell’s works. A. M. Heath reserve all rights to the diaries.

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Morocco Diary – Domestic Diary

Orwell began this diary on the way to Morocco. The diary is typewritten, almost certainly from a handwritten original; the handwritten version for 12 to 28 March 1939 is extant and annotated, in Orwell’s hand, ‘To be typed into the diary when machine is available.’… Orwell annotated his typescript in the margins and wrote longer notes, often illustrated, on blank facing pages. The annotations are marked ‘[Orwell’s note],’ and appear as footnotes…. Peter Davison

Morocco Diary – Political Diary

The Orwells arrived in Morocco on 11 September 1938, as the deposition before Robert Parr, the British Consul at Marrakech shows. Orwell’s date of birth is given as 1902, not 1903. In his letter to A. H. Joyce of 12 February 1938, he said that by mistake his date of birth had been incorrectly entered as 1902 in his passport (‘I was born in 1903 (by mistake this has been entered as 1902 on my passport)’)….

They were to stay for a little over six months, sailing from Casablanca for England on March 26 1939. On 18 September, signing as Eric Blair, Orwell accepted the lease of ‘une villa et une piece de domestique, route de casa [Casablanca], apartenant a Monsieur Simont, Boucher a Marrakech’ for a minimum period of six months at 550 francs per month, running from 15 October 1938. The villa was about five kilometers from Marrakech. R. L. Bidwell records that French franc as being at 165 to the pound (31 to the dollar) in March 1938, and by January 1939 the rate had become 176.5 to the pound (39.8 to the dollar), a rate maintained at the following January (Currency Conversion Tables, 1970, 20), Thus, 550 francs was about £3.25 ($15.50) during these six months. The rent of the cottage at Wallington was 7s 6d per week or £1.50 in today’s coinage if not value for four weeks. The Moroccan lease was negotiated by Désiré Bézert of Marrakech-Guéliz.

Until they could take up residence in M. Simont’s villa, the Orwells stayed at Madame Vellat’s house, rue Edmond Doutte, Marrakech. For Orwell’s time in Morocco, see Crick, 368-74; Shelden, 329-34 (U.S. edition 300-05). Peter Davison